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Tick identification virginia3/10/2024 ![]() 2007, Stromdahl and Hickling 2012, Sakamoto et al. scapularis is the primary vector for numerous human tick-borne pathogens, including Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner (Spirochaetales: Borreliaceae) (Lyme disease), Borrelia miyamotoi Fukunaga, Takahashi, Tsuruta, Matushita, Ralph, McClelland, & Nakao (Spirochaetales: Borreliaceae) ( Borrelia miyamotoi infection), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Foggie) (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) (anaplasmosis), Babesia microti (Franca) (Piroplasmida: Babesiidae) (babesiosis), Ehrlichia muris eauclairensis Pritt, Allerdice, Sloan, Paddock, Munderloh, Rikihisa, Tajima, Paskewitz, Neitzel, Hoang Johnson, Schiffman, Davis, Goldsmith, Nelson, & Karpathy (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichiaceae) (ehrlichiosis), and Powassan virus (Amarillovirales: Flaviviridae) ( Ogden et al. These tick species play key roles as vectors for pathogens that can cause diseases in humans and domestic animals ( Oliver 1989). 1996, Merten and Durden 2000, Stromdahl et al. Within the eastern United States, the four most common human-biting tick species are Ixodes scapularis (blacklegged tick), Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick), Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick), and Amblyomma maculatum Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) (Gulf Coast tick) ( Felz et al. Tick, phenology, questing, Lyme disease, Virginia This comparative phenological study underscores the value of these types of studies and the need for additional research to further understand the rapidly changing tick-borne disease dynamics in Virginia. scapularis from the northeastern United States are migrating into western Virginia and contributing to the higher incidence of Lyme disease in this region. These findings may support the hypothesis that I. Questing on or above the leaf litter is primarily associated with northern populations of I. scapularis larvae and nymphs were commonly collected in southwestern Virginia (indicating that they were questing on or above the leaf litter) but not in southeastern Virginia. americanum which were collected more frequently at lower elevations (e.g., below 500 m). Within southwestern Virginia, Ixodes scapularis collection rates were not influenced by elevation, unlike A. scapularis 134 Ixodes affinis Neumann 84 Dermacentor variabilis 49 Dermacentor albipictus 10 Haemaphysalis leporispalustris 2 Ixodes brunneus Koch 1 Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann ). In total, 35,438 ticks were collected (33,106 A. In western Virginia, we also explored the effect of elevation on collection rates of Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae) and Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae). ![]() To better understand tick ecology in Virginia and the increasing Lyme disease incidence in western Virginia, a comparative phenological study was conducted in which monthly collections were performed at twelve sampling locations in southwestern Virginia (high Lyme disease incidence) and 18 equivalent sampling locations in southeastern Virginia (low Lyme disease incidence) for one year.
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